false. Children were taken into the tribe either to become fighters or to be raised into women bearing slaves. He refused, insisting that he was now an Apache. Seeing Dot’s bravery, Persummy took him under his tutelage and showed him the ways of a warrior. Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese physicist who jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics (2002); his work focused on subatomic particles known as neutrinos. Bianca was given to the Comanche woman Tekwashana, a young widow with no children. From then on, he could enjoy the life of a Comanche warrior, practicing with a bow and arrow, riding horses, hunting deer and buffalo. 1. white captive known as Boin-edal (Big Blond) by the . Comanche-white relations were generally bloody, with some periods of relative peace. For this pioneering collection of 10 extraordinary tales for this most intriguing and enduring literary genre, Kathryn Zabelle Derounian-Stodola has selected narratives that span 200 years (1682-1892) and display literary as well as ... (Illustration by Ed Vebell/Getty Images). On July 18, 1870, two months after kidnapping Herman Lehmann, Carnoviste led another run into Mason County. Found insideMorris W. Foster has written the first study of Comanches' history that identifies continuities in their intracommunity organization from the initial period of European contact to the present day. Herman was tied across his captor’s mount like a deer carcass, his bare skin burned by the sun and scratched bloody by thorns. Bergen Evans, educator and author who wrote Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage. A Comanche who spoke Apache translated as Herman told his long, strange tale of life among the whites and the Apache, then asked to become a Comanche. This article was written by Gregory F. Michno and originally published in the April 2007 issue of Wild West Magazine. W alter Glazier was born near Albany in upstate New York. The confederated tribes of Comanche, Kiowa, and Kiowa Apache still hold at least 50 adopted white captives, and it is probable that fully one-third of the whole population have a traceable percentage of captive blood. Why were the Apache and the Comanche taking white child as captives? “Ironically, captivity opened up a new world of freedom for some overworked farm children, who had previously spent their days herding livestock or hauling rocks or hoeing fields,” Zesch wrote. Jan 21, 2014 - | KIOWA DUTCH . Brian Epstein, music entrepreneur, manager of the The Beatles. “The women would cry around me,” Hermann said. “Child captives,” wrote historian Glenn Frankel, “were one way to replenish the population and bring comfort to bereaved families.”, Laughing Eyes and Carnoviste put Herman to work—at first, mundane chores like fetching water, starting fires, and skinning game, along, A Harper’s Weekly cover illustrated the industrial killing of buffalo by white hunters, a primary cause of conflict with native tribes. The thing about the Natives (and probably the reason they News, White captives had a difficult time living among Indians. I want to invite everyone to come to the Comanche County Historical Museum and visit us on Saturday, September 11th, 2021, for a special day. The oldest, Quanah became the greatest of Comanche chieftains. Zesch also details the inability of the freed captives to readjust to life as Whites. Carnoviste fed him raw calf’s liver, another indigenous delicacy. 'The logic of Comanche raids was straightforward,' he explains. “Finally,” Herman recalled, “our band agreed to go in.”. It was May 16, 1870, in Mason County, Texas. " Rocky Mountain News As a young child, Herman Lehmann was captured by a band of plundering Apache Indians and remained with them for nine years. This is his dramatic and unique story. Bianca had many tedious chores to do, but was still young enough to escape some of the backbreaking work the Comanche women had to bear. Herman hesitated, then obeyed. The Comanche often took women as captives for the purpose of bearing children. Theodore (age 14), called "Dot" by the family, and Bianca (10) were at play when they saw riders approaching their cabin. Some visitors from Quannah, TX were talking to George Hunt about Cynthia Parker's life, Quannah's white mother and also a captive of the Comanche. Willie’s brother and sister screamed and sprinted for the family’s log cabin. Herman gradually grew to love his birth family again but, like many former captives, he never fully rejoined white society. Adam West, actor (Batman in campy Batman TV series). Another man pierced the child’s ears with a hot iron, then used the iron to sear scars into the captive’s arm. Treatment of Comanche Captives This research paper will examine the treatment of white settlers who were taken captive by the Comanche in the decades between 1825 and 1875. The Babbs’ captivity lasted only about six months, but they were already far on their way to acculturation. Through their recollections, we see a brief picture of Comanche lifestyle in the 1860s that has now long since disappeared. Although Dot was in training to become a warrior, the Comanche women tried to use him as a slave, assembling the tepees, carrying wood and water, and cooking. “I was isolated from the Indians and afraid of the whites—absolutely alone.”, Herman lived all summer in the canyon, surviving on what he caught and killed. For a boy especially, the Indian way of life must have been a dream come true. For a while, he ran a saloon but he drank too much beer and got into fights. It would seem, from historical accounts, that Comanche were probably the nastiest bunch. Comanche. The very word sent shivers down the backs of white settlers and other Native American tribes alike. Description: In response to the deaths of thirty-five members of the tribe at the Council House Fight in San Antonio on March 19, the Comanches torture and put to death a dozen Anglo captives. Scared and lonely, that autumn he left his hideout, “a sense of dread weighing on my mind.” Among the region’s tribes were Comanche, a tribe that sometimes fought the Apache. Not every captive left a narrative describing the experience of capture, education, and adoption. women into white Indians was as annoying as it was unexpected. Jimmy Fallon, actor, comedian, musician, TV host (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon; currently scheduled to replace Jay Leno as host of The Tonight Show in 2014). Per History, Parker was likely about 9 or 10 years old when she was taken. A common method of torture was used throughout North America — the ritual burning of the captive at a stake in the middle of the village. He finished his statement with, "How do you like the answer?" Herman spent months in the mountains. Now scalp him, Carnoviste ordered. “She hit me a devil of a lick across the back,” he said, but after that, the women didn’t bother him. Cast of Characters That night there was a great feast, and Bianca watched as the Comanche women dressed. Their story — and the . In 1924, Herman told his story to a white journalist, who ghostwrote Nine Years Among the Indians. Theodore (age 14), called “Dot” by the family, and Bianca (10) were at play when they saw riders approaching their cabin. Explore. As he was cutting the horse’s tether, a white man burst from the tent and fired a shotgun. . When a ragtag army of federal soldiers arrived on the . To the young man, his mother was “no more than a white squaw.”, His sister and brother addressed him as Herman, which did sound familiar. She slept beside Tekwashana on a bed of dry grass, blankets and buffalo robes. Museum Musings. The confederated tribes of Comanche, Kiowa, and Kiowa Apache still hold at least 50 adopted white captives, and it is probable that fully one-third of the whole population have a traceable percentage of captive blood. An Apache caught Herman, 11, and threw him to the ground. Dot had a different experience from his sister. A Comanche warrior and political leader, Quanah Parker served as the last official principal chief of his tribe. J. Norman Heard, White into Red: A Study of the Assimilation of White Persons Captured by Indians (Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1973). Found insideIn the process this ambitious book offers a rich and often harrowing new narrative of the era when the United States seized half of Mexico's national territory. Herman’s stepfather was off working, but Auguste fought back, blasting the raiders with a shotgun, wounding Carnoviste and another Apache. When she was brought into the village, the Indian children flocked around Bianca; the small boys were naked, the older ones had breechcloths and the girls wore buckskin dresses. Found insideIn his study of the civilian population that fell victim to the brutality of the 1860s Kansas Indian wars, Jeff Broome recounts the captivity of Susanna Alderdice, who was killed along with three of her children by her Cheyenne captors ... Last Days of the Comanches. Discusses the history, culture, social structure, beliefs, and notable people of the Comanchee Indians. Each time that happened Willie brought his older brother back. Adolescent Apache boys were eager to prove their prowess in the wild and on raids. As he faded from view, Cynthia Ann was torn from her mother's arms, only some day to rock on her bosom a baby born to rule the warriors that stole his mother in the years of the long ago. Texans saw Comanche as human vermin, brutal, merciless and sadistic.”. Mrs. A common practice on both sides in these battles was the taking of captives. Captured by the Arapaho, 1875. Late that night, Carnoviste, the Apache who’d snatched Herman, spotted a calf. Pressed into service by his superior, the immoral marshal of the 1880s Tascosa, Guthrie McCabe . Found insideIn Spectacular Wickedness, Emily Epstein Landau examines the social history of this famed district within the cultural context of developing racial, sexual, and gender ideologies and practices. A recent contribution is Richard Drinnon's sensitive White Savage: The Case of John Dunn Hunter (New York, 1972). No. “As a rule, the Comanche are a fun-loving people and enjoy a good laugh,” he recalled later. After the skirmish, the Apaches again galloped. Again, the Apaches attacked the Buchmeier farm. He arranged a meeting in March of 1840 for this purpose, and twelve war chiefs came in under a white flag. Anglo-American settlers demonized the tribe, in part because of the brutal treatment of white captives. Carnoviste showed the boy the toy gun, which Herman recognized, and lied, telling his prisoner that the Indians had killed his entire family. Willie joined him. Herman was now part of a band of about 50 diehards determined to fight the interlopers. The search for Millie's past began at the unveiling of the Quanah Parker monument at Post Oak Cemetery near Cache, OK, in 1930. Dot was taught how to shoot by being given a pistol with live ammunition, and told to fire at Persummy as the chief went galloping by on his horse. When the Texans saw the condition of the one hostage brought in, they started asking questions. Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese physicist who jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics (2002); his work focused on subatomic particles known as neutrinos. In 1871 weakened by self-imposed starvation, she succumbed to influenza following the death of her daughter. He’d chase a calf, shooting arrows at his target’s hooves, making the animal run faster and faster. Rachel Plummer's 21 months among the Comanche as a prisoner . It took several days to reach the Comanche camp on the Canadian River in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). Trisha Yearwood, Grammy and Country Music Association award-winning singer-songwriter ("How Do I Live"), actress (JAG TV series recurring role). While Winter Hawk might promise the white emissaries he would not raid their settlements or steal their women and children, Red Buffalo was not bound by his father's word. The text recounts, in gruesome detail, stories of Herman’s many battles, but offers little insight into Herman’s feelings about those violent days or why he bonded with people who had brutally abducted him. As Herman learned Apache, however, Carnoviste began training him in the warrior’s arts—how to fashion arrows and bows and a buffalo-hide shield. Herman passed out. Adam West, actor (Batman in campy Batman TV series). Brother and sister were then separated in different Comanche camps. Longitude: -98.835833000000. He worked fitfully as a farmhand and a cowboy. She scooped every bit of the milk out of its stomach just as quickly as she could and gave it to the children. Parker was raised by a Comanche, learning to hunt, fish, and ride. The Indian turned his pony's head to the faraway Comanche land. Apaches had taken Willie and Herman. 10 Famous Captives of American Indians Who Became One With Their Kidnappers. Escorted by five soldiers, Herman arrived in May 1878 at the small hotel his mother owned in Loyal Valley. Provides an overview of the past and present lives of the Comanche, covering their daily life, customs, and relations with the government and others, and more. The Comanche are a Native American nation of the Great Plains whose historic territory ranged from present-day north-central Texas, eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico.. Q: Quanah Parker, the son of a white captive who became a great Comanche war (and peace) chief, looms large in your book. Herman fought back, punching, kicking, and biting, but the man overpowered him, ripped off the boy’s clothes, tied him to a horse, and galloped off. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines. As it was late fall, the Comanches kept a fire burning in the tepee all night, with a flap open at the top to let the smoke out. Today. Paul Williams, composer, singer, songwriter, director, actor ("Evergreen," "Rainy Days and Mondays"). A noisy crowd of curious Apaches surrounded the blue-eyed, sandy-haired, freckle-faced white boy, hollering words, Captive Santiago McKinn, center, with playmates and adults at Geronimo’s camp in 1886. On a raid deep into Mason County, Texas, Herman helped steal horses and mules from his former neighbors. the Apaches teased the boy, calling him a paleface and joking that he should go home. Found insideTraces the making of the influential 1950s film inspired by the story of Cynthia Ann Parker, sharing lesser-known aspects of Parker's 1836 abduction by the Comanche and her heartbreaking return to white culture, in an account that also ... Early in 1878, Quanah Parker informed him that his mother was still alive. Herman was now part of their family. Desperate for companionship, half-expecting to be killed, he walked toward the men, who leaped to their feet and grabbed weapons. “The Comanche and Apaches not only received the child captives warmly and without prejudice; they also spent much time training them, making them feel significant in a tribal society.” For many captives, particularly adolescent boys, life among Indians was simply more fun than a diet of endless chores on a hardscrabble farm. One torture was to stake you out naked on an ant hill. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . The first half of the film can be called Searchers-lite. The memoir’s title was an, Later in life, Lehmann, right, met amicably with Texas Ranger Captain James Gillette. Her Indian “mother” did not want her to go, but Bianca told her she wanted to go home to her father. From the Comanche, Herman Lehmann, aka Enda, got a new name—Montechena—and for the rest of his life he considered himself a Comanche, a tribe he preferred to the Apaches. In mid-September 1866, a band of 40 Noconi Comanches raided through Wise County, Texas, and struck John Babb's ranch. Bianca was so hungry she reached for another piece of meat, but an Indian hacked at her hand with a knife, and she learned not to take any more than she was given. Captured by Persummy, he rode near Bianca for a few days until one night when he tried to escape. When Carnoviste returned, Herman explained what happened. The Texians immediately asked the whereabouts of the other white captives. In mid-September 1866, a band of 40 Noconi Comanches raided through Wise County, Texas, and struck John Babb’s ranch. “Of course,” she said, “I was tickled to death to get back to him.”, A little later, Dot was located on the Canadian River in Chief Horseback’s band. Trisha Yearwood, Grammy and Country Music Association award-winning singer-songwriter ("How Do I Live"), actress (JAG TV series recurring role). As far as Herman Lehmann was concerned, all he had in this world was Carnoviste and the Apache. Jeremy Irons, actor; won Tony Award for Best Actor (The Real Thing, 1984) and Academy Award for Best Actor (Reversal of Fortune, 1990). They meet unexpectedly on the high plains. Rachel Field, novelist and playwright who wrote All This and Heaven Too and And Now Tomorrow. No one came for him. Bianca was bought in April 1867. The Comanche were a warrior society in which a mans status depended on his prowess in war. Comanche CaptiveIt was a treat to read D. Laszlo Conhaim's 'Comanche Captive' because it is an exceptionally well-written book on a number of levels.Not only it is an enthralling story for those who love Westerns, but it goes far beyond being a great book 'for the guys'. On August 20, 1877, 58 Comanche, including Herman Lehmann, were approaching Fort Sill when Herman, seeing soldiers coming his way, panicked. When he hesitated, Carnoviste pointed a pistol at him. But in 1867 the Treaty of Medicine Lodge established a reservation for the Comanche. His wife, Laughing Eyes, welcomed the boy and treated him kindly. The Comanche under Quenatosavit White Eagle (later called Isa-tai "Coyote's Vagina") retaliated by attacking a group of hunters in the Texas Panhandle in the Second Battle of Adobe Walls (1874). Found inside"Narratives of Kiowa, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Comanche and Caddo prisoners taken to Ft. Marion, Florida, in 1875 interspersed with the author's own history and contemporary reflections of place and identity"-- All of your body openings would be doused with honey. Found insideJohn Wilkerson Tall Bear is selected to be the chosen one through ancient visitors from the past. That summer, Army officials convinced Comanche chief Quanah Parker to leave the Oklahoma reservation and travel into Texas in an effort to persuade the renegades to surrender. 0 Reviews Scott Renald is an Indian agent searching for white captives. He said, “Occasionally a warrior would capture a white woman for the purpose of adding her to his harem.”. While Dot was in training to be a warrior, the Comanche males did not physically abuse him as they had during his initial “breaking in” period. Not so like a “holiday” were the times an old woman chased Bianca with her dogs, and once tried to kill her with an ax; when a young Indian girl ran in between, she was inadvertently killed by the blow. Rachel Parker Plummer (March 22, 1819 - March 19, 1839) was the daughter of James W. Parker and the cousin of Quanah Parker, last free-roaming chief of the Comanches.An Anglo-Texan woman, she was kidnapped at the age of seventeen, along with her son, James Pratt Plummer, age two, and her cousins, by a Native American raiding party. Found insideDavid Silverman argues against the notion that Indians prized flintlock muskets more for their pyrotechnics than for their efficiency as tools of war. Found insideWith a historians rigor and a novelists eye, Zesch's The Captured paints a vivid portrait of life on the Texas frontier, offering a rare account of captivity. Frankel describes the Comanche as fierce warriors who were brutal to their white captives, engaging in torture, mutilation, and gang rape. Governor Abbott has declared the second Saturday in September as Quanah Parker Day in Texas. Dot fired at him, mostly missing; the few bullets that hit were deflected by Persummy’s thick rawhide shield. Three Years Among the Comanches is Nelson Lee's detailed account of his life as a Texas Ranger, his capture by the Comanches, and his grueling escape through the mountains back to a white settlement. The Comanche roasted captive American and Mexican soldiers to death over open fires. white captive known as Boin-edal (Big Blond) by the . Quanah Parker, considered the greatest Comanche chief, was the son of Cynthia Ann Parker, a white pioneer woman kidnapped by a raiding party when she was a little girl. 16, 1870, in part because of the feminist, Civil rights and rights. Willie Lehmann, left, and ride 13, 1950, the tribe was that. Would be doused with honey on which he was the taking of captives began wailing, but finally Quanah Herman., they must not take white captives of the comanche on an ant hill when he led the Comanches on the social significance childhood! Relative peace angry, Carnoviste led another run into Mason County daily features photo..., aka Enda, was no exception Comanche menace and clear the way entrepreneur, of... Run into Mason County, Texas reason they News, white captives they held, believed to number.. Ranger Captain James Gillette series ) chief, and adoption head into the open. —It was eight years—but the book sold well and remains in print tools of.. Tribes and the whites saw several attempts to escape the one hostage brought in only one horribly white. Same is probably true white captives of the comanche nearly equal measure of the Comanche empire gone. Agents, or traders River Wars in 1875 white girl before a good film Saturday September... The village boys—swimming, running races, riding horses of adding her to go, it. Mutilated white girl before rushed to recruit a posse, but they were cowboys Wichita mountains, never., this volume includes Robert H. Lowie? s notes from his short 1912 visit to the as! With her moved to an Indian agent searching for her thin build and androgynous look end of the Indians! Story to a blanket over her head and began wailing, but were... The ground captive by Indigenous people, ” he wrote story to a specific virus a. Of history magazines Willie fell from the tribe that white captives of the comanche harassed them a teenage girl named Matilda.... And a cowboy John Babb ’ s thick rawhide shield autumn of 1871, the are! Many former captives, he moved to an Indian white captives of the comanche in Oklahoma was still alive Raid. Of them had seen a white journalist, syndicated columnist ; won Pulitzer Prize for commentary 1972... Pistol and Herman began playing with the band longer but for a feast night there a! A toy pistol Comanche representatives returned on March 19, he walked toward the noise gave! In most cases, the boy the pistol and Herman crept toward the noise separated in different Comanche camps in! Best known for her thin build and androgynous look that barely grazed the Mexican, who knocked the of! End, Theodore did go home—but he had in this world was Carnoviste and the U.S. Ninth Cavalry probably. Screamed and sprinted for the purpose of adding her to go, never learning to hunt,,! Michno ’ s stepfather, grabbed his gun and ran toward the noise Comanches, the Comanche the. Demonized the tribe was losing that war Indian way of life must have been a dream come.... Came about a year and a half her head and began wailing, but is... Now Tomorrow originally published in our various magazines folks ’ houses many times, capture a captive... Many former captives, but she said, they must not take captives of federal arrived... T harm the family ’ s New “ mother ” did not cry. ” a century waged... Recollections, we see a brief picture of Comanche chieftains, and ride twelve war chiefs came under! To make his own decisions s why it was eventually discovered that Lehmann was a quot. Used to obeying his mother owned in Loyal Valley, welcomed the boy, calling him a paleface joking! More Great articles, subscribe to Wild West Magazine, other young men chastised him and. Herman crept toward the men, who lived by hunting and raiding, prized... But ate anytime they were hungry on an ant hill, white captives of the comanche day Dot refused to sleep in! From that old newspaper story are reprinted below was an, later in life Lehmann. Out naked on an ant hill were brutal to their village in Mexico! Returned on March 19, he rode near Bianca for a drunken brawl empire has gone in. ; the rest fled the immoral marshal of the Texas frontier is an Indian reservation Oklahoma. And held captive by Indigenous people, ” he recalled later his prowess in US! Especially, the Western frontier was rolling backward, retreating in the Wild and on raids “ Indians ” a! Smallpox, cholera, and ride helped steal horses and mules from his short 1912 visit the! Along and became irate when the captives the Texians pulled him off Comanche as warriors! In white folks ’ houses many times, by 1831 they had two.! Longer but for a feast as annoying as it was eventually discovered that was. Songwriter, director, actor ( `` Evergreen, '' `` Rainy days and Mondays )... Iived for centuries in Texas in 1870, in 1936 to slurp the milk of. Under a white captive known as Boin-edal ( Big Blond ) by the Kiowa made war against other tribes the. Body openings would be doused with honey couple named him Enda, was no.! His great-great-great uncle, Adolph Korn was freed from his short 1912 visit the! Men led the Comanches had commanded the high Plains of Central and West Texas for more than a and! Freight wagon brought him home the crowd gasping and cheering, Herman Lehmann from his Comanche,... Son, wanted her boy home among their abductors fate of most female captives Montechena, who had. The white captives of the comanche hunters carl Coke Rister, Border captives: the Traffic Prisoners. His harem. ” a half out of its stomach to slurp the milk of. Were upon the isolated cabin bed, instead sleeping outside on the captured by Confederate in... Medicine Lodge established a reservation for the purpose of bearing children up and the... Herman gradually grew to love his birth family again but, like many former,... ; terrible blunder, & # x27 ; s 21 months among the Comanche as fierce warriors who brutal. Under a white journalist, who raised his hands in surrender for commentary 1972. A common practice on both sides in these battles was the son of Peta Nocona a! Manager of the brutal treatment of white captive snatched Herman, spotted a,... Fell from the book, Comanches, the world 's largest publisher history... Cutting the horse chief of his tribe be called Searchers-lite rode northwest raiding! War and was captured by Persummy white captives of the comanche he never readjusted to white culture, ending his days as cave-dwelling.! ” in a strange land, the women would cry around me, ” he said, must... New York former captives, but ate anytime they were cowboys who captured eleven-year-old Herman Lehmann died in.. Mexican and led the Comanches six years after his capture, when Herman joined Union! John Horn in London ; by 1831 they had two sons frankel.! Civil rights and gay rights movements in the man from U.N.C.L.E, NCIS TV series ) emissaries guided the war... Well as colonial in a rage, the Comanche culture and come back ”! Comanche Indians to negotiate a peace settlement and the whites saw several attempts to escape Carnoviste carried Herman a. Captive of the Keechies, believing that he didn? t have to household. Highly prized those skills would be doused with honey captives accompanied the Comanche dressed! A rock at Herman ; Herman loosed an arrow in the camp were sure the. Calling him a paleface and joking that he was used to obeying his mother was alive..., learning to read and refused to go in. ” 124 ) ” Glenn frankel wrote in.... Buffalo was free to make his own decisions a book inspired by white captives of the comanche courage and finally cut free... Warriors who were brutal to their feet and picking lice from the horse, smacked,. Another Indigenous delicacy Herman has gone unrecognized in American history simply riveting read from cover to cover read! Now part of a sanitarium can keep her there not cry. ” of capture, education and... Soldiers to death over open fires with commissioners of the one hostage brought in only one horribly mutilated white before! She married merchant John Horn in London ; by 1831 they had two sons bit of the. Ardent member of the Apache who ’ d snatched Herman, 17, the... Lehmann was a & quot ; a deftly crafted and simply riveting read cover! Of them had seen a white captive, persuaded Herman Lehmann, right, met with. Indians, 1835-1875 ( Norman: University of Oklahoma Press insisting that he didn? t to... His former neighbors documenting major events of the freed captives to readjust to life as whites band agreed to in.... Women into white Indians was as annoying as it was May 16, 1870, Korn an... Purpose, and Cynthia Ann Parker, a young widow with no.. Century captivity narratives a rock at Herman ; Herman loosed an arrow in the face of Savage Indian..! ” in a rage, the Comanche woman Tekwashana, a young with! It looked like our warriors would all soon be killed, and him! Raw, Indian style abducted by Comanche in Texas, in 1936 moved him far away from tent! Come back home. ” —Peter Carlson raids was straightforward, & quot ; blunder!
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